민음북클럽 잡동산이 Day 14

문소영 <광대하고 게으르게> 중 [늦게 꽃핀 대가들]
미술전문기자의 에세이

[the Story of the World] Ch.35

Ch.35 The Cold War

The Space Race

- On the night of October 4th, 1957, the Soviet Union had just launched a satellite, called Sputnik, into space. Sputnik (a Russian word that means “fellow traveler” or “companion” would circle around the Earth once every hour and a half, beeping constantly and sending radio waves back to Earth. It was the first man-made satellite to ever be launched into space, and the first to orbit (circle) around the Earth.
- A month later, the Soviets launched a second satellite into Orbit. This time the satellite, Sputnik II, had a passenger, a dog named Laika.
- On April 12th, 1961, Yuri Gagarin orbited the earth in a rocket called Vostok 1. His flight lasted 108 minutes.
- On July 16th, 1969, the Apollo 11 spaceship was launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida-NASA‘s headquarters. The Apollo 11 mission had one goal: Land on the moon, step out, and then come back.
- Four days later, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin climbed into a smaller vehicle called the Eagle. It was designed to separate from Apollo 11 and land on the moon.
- Americans across the country watched them on television as they descended the ladder, down to the surface of the moon Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to put his foot on the mooris surface. As he took his first step, he said, ˝That‘s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.˝


Thirteen Days in October

- For thirteen days, the Soviet Union and the United States were at a stand-off over the missiles. Nuclear war seemed inevitable. This was what the whole world had dreaded ever since the first atomic bomb had exploded over Hiroshima. Nuclear weapons were so powerful, and so deadly, that if the United States and the Soviet Union attacked each other, the entire world could be poisoned and destroyed.
- The “Cuban Missile Crisis” was over, but the Cold War still raged on.

민음북클럽 잡동산이 Day 13

쏜살 문고 로베르트 발저의 <산책> 중 [산책]
산책 중 의식의 흐름 같은 글이다.

[법정에 선 페미니스트] ‘나무들의 어머니’ 왕가리 마타이

<법정에 선 페미니스트> 1장에 나온 반가운 이름.

에코페미니스트 운동은, 2004년 케냐 활동가 왕가리 마타이가 삼림 파괴, 가난, 그리고 권위주의적인 정부에 맞서서 수천 명의 아프리카 여성을 이끈 공로로 노벨 평화상을 수상했을 때 세계적인 힘을 얻었다. -54p

왕가리 마타이라는 이름 처음 들었을 때 아프리카 부족의 족장 이름인가 했다. 이 그림책은 왕가리 마타이의 어린 시절부터 과학자이자 환경 운동가이며 독재정권에 맞서 환경 문제와 인권을 위한 끊임없는 투쟁을 한, 노벨 평화상을 수상한 그녀의 일대기를 보여준다.

[the Story of the World] Ch.34

Ch.34 Dictators in South America and Africa

Argentina’s President and His Wife

- Juan Peron and Eva Peron
- As president, Perón went on trying to improve the lives of the poor. He also did his best to get the important businesses of Argentina back under Argentinian control. Like China, Argentina was filled with foreign businessmen who controlled factories, trains, and ports. Great Britain owned most of the railroads. The United States owned almost all of the car factories. Peron brought these businesses back to the people of Argentina -by seizing them in the name of the government.
- Although Perón worked for the people of Argentina, he also used the methods of the Fascists to make sure that he kept his power.
- In 1952, Evita died. She was only thirty-three years old. At her funeral, thousands of Argentinians lined the streets and wept out loud as her coffin was carried past.
- After Eva died, Juan Perón grew more cruel. More and more Argentinians ˝disappeared˝ and were never seen again.
- Perón left his country and went first to Paraguay and then to Madrid, in Spain. Back in Argentina, his own people knocked his statues over and smashed them, and chipped his name out of all of the engravings in public squares.
- Over the next eighteen years, Argentina had nine different leaders. In 1973, eighteen years after his fight, Juan Perón even returned to Argentina and became president again-for asingle year. Then, at the age of seventy-nine, Juan Peron died.


Freedom in the Belgian Congo

- In 1958, Lumumba formed a group called the MNC or the ˝Mouvement National Congolais.˝ Lumumba told his followers, ˝Independence isn‘t a gift that can be given by Bet glum. It is the right of the Congolese people.˝
- When the Belgian government realized that the Congo was out of control, it agreed to give the Congo its independence. In 1960, the first Congolese election was held. It had been arranged so quickly that the people of the Congo hadn‘t been able to form political parties, or find out much about different candidates.
- Patrice Lumumba, the most well-known Congolese leader, was elected prime minister of the newly independent Congo.
- After Civil War, a Congolese general named Joseph Mobutu announced that the Congo would now be ruled by a ˝caretaker government˝ in other words, by military officers who had seized control of the country. (No one tried to organize another election.) Four years later, Mobutu gave himself the title ˝president.˝ (Still no election!)
- The Congo was free from European rule, but it still wasn‘t free from tyranny and corruption.