[프.아프리카.바 7] 세네갈

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 7강]

1. 세네갈 알아보기

* 세네갈 국기 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Senegal.svg

* World Atlas Senegal https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/senegal

* Wolof in Senegal https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15414/SG

* Blaise Diagne (1872~1934)

https://senegaldates.com/personnages/blaise-diagne

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Diagne

https://senego.com/80-ans-apres-sa-mort-decouvrez-des-images-inedites-de-blaise-diagne_166166.html

블레즈 디아뉴 국제공항 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Blaise-Diagne

* 고레 섬 Ile de Gorée

https://discover-senegal.com/historic-seaside/

https://www.senegal-online.com/histoire/esclavage-au-senegal/la-traite-negriere/

https://www.civitatis.com/en/saly/capital-goree-island-tour/

https://www.lonelyplanet.com/senegal/travel-tips-and-articles/ile-de-goree-the-perfect-dakar-day-trip/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d27549ea

Regis St. Louis, "Île de Gorée: the perfect Dakar day trip" (2018. 8. 29.) https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/ile-de-goree-day-trip-dakar

Jennifer Wade, "(PHOTOS) The Door of No Return: the last stop of the Atlantic Slave Trade", The Journal (2013. 6. 28.) https://www.thejournal.ie/photos-the-door-of-no-return-the-last-stop-of-the-atlantic-slave-trade-970412-Jun2013/

2. 독립 이후 정치경제

* 초대 대통령 Léopold Sédar Senghor (레오폴 세다르 상고르, 1960~1980)

"Video: Abdou Diouf raconte la tentative de meurtre et le coup d'État raté contre Senghor en 1967 - Le gars a tiré on a", Leral.net (2010. 11. 1.) https://www.leral.net/Video-Abdou-Diouf-raconte-la-tentative-de-meurtre-et-le-coup-d-Etat-rate-contre-Senghor-en-1967-Le-gars-a-tire-on-a_a11899.html

* 2대 대통령 Abdou Diouf (압두 디우프, 1981~2000), OIF 사무총장(2003~2014)

* 3대 대통령 Abdoulaye Wade (압둘라이 와드, 2000~2012)

"Les trois hommes du Sénégal depuis l'indépendance" (독립 이후 세네갈의 세 사람) La Croix (2012. 3. 26.) https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/Monde/Les-trois-hommes-du-Senegal-depuis-l-independance-_NG_-2012-03-26-782333

* 4대 대통령 Macky Sall (마키 살, 2012~2024. 4. 2.)

Ousmane Sonko, "Senegal: Thousands mark ten-year anniversary of protest that stopped ex-president from 3rd term", Africanews (2021. 6. 24.) https://www.africanews.com/2021/06/24/senegal-thousands-mark-ten-year-anniversary-of-protest-that-stopped-ex-president-from-3rd-

[YouTube] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tBTJF4qhSE

Ruth MacLean, Mady Camara, "Senegal Protests Erupt Over Rape Charge", New York Times (2021. 3. 5.) https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/world/africa/senegal-protests-rape-charge.html

* 5대 대통령 Bassirou Diomaye (바시루 디오마예 파예, 1980. 3. 25.생)

* 카사망스 지역 분리독립운동

"Casamance", Wikipedia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamance

"Senegal's Casamance MFDC rebels declare a ceasefire", BBC News (2014. 4. 30.) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27221999

* 독립 50주년 기념 "아프리카의 르네상스"

Marco Chown Oved, "Senegal’s Big Bronze Statue: Monument to Liberty or Authoritarian Rule?" Christian Science Monitor (2010. 4. 8.) https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0408/Senegal-s-big-bronze-statue-Monument-to-liberty-or-authoritarian-rule

Elizabeth Shim, "North Korea’s Artful Diplomacy: Building Big Bronze Statues in Africa," UPI (2015. 5. 1.) https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/05/01/North-Koreas-artful-diplomacy-Building-big-bronze-statues-in-Africa/4011430338164/

"The African Renaissance Monument – Africa’s most controversial statue", Public Delivery (2024. 11. 28.) https://publicdelivery.org/african-renaissance-monument/

* 세네갈의 경제

Daniel Castillo Hidalgo, "Peanuts and Economic Dependence in French West Africa", Commodities of Empire https://commoditiesofempire.org.uk/research/research-journeys/peanuts-and-economic-dependence-in-french-west-africa/

Sanguil, "China craving for Senegal peanuts rattles local business", AFP (2020. 2. 19.) https://www.rfi.fr/en/wires/20200219-china-craving-senegal-peanuts-rattles-local-business

"Face à l'érosion côtière, Macron promet l'aide de la France" Paris Match (2018. 2. 3.) https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/Politique/Face-a-l-erosion-cotiere-Macron-promet-l-aide-de-la-France-1452419

Malang Toure, "Érosion côtière à Saint-Louis: Une analyse globale pour annihiler le problème", SeneNews (2018. 1. 30.) https://www.senenews.com/actualites/erosion-cotiere-a-saint-louis-une-analyse-globale-pour-annihiler-le-probleme_217119.html

3. 세네갈의 사회와 문화

Beetie Holloway, "An Introduction to Senegal's Wolof People", The Culture Trip (2018. 6. 22.) https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/an-introduction-to-senegals-wolof-people/

Beetie Holloway, "The Best Things to Do on La Petite Côte, Senegal", The Culture Trip (2018. 7. 20.) https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-best-things-to-do-on-la-petite-cote-senegal/

Sebastian Modak, "How to Pretend You’re in Dakar Today", The New York Times (2020. 12. 8.) https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/08/travel/dakar-senegal-vacation-at-home.html

* 영화 감독 우스만 셈벤 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousmane_Semb%C3%A8ne

David Lee Astley, "Continual Discontent: The Cinema of Ousmane Sembène", Another Gaze (2017. 2. 21.) https://www.anothergaze.com/continual-discontent-the-cinema-of-ousmane-sembene-la-noire-de/

* 음악 Youssou N'Dour (우슈 은두르)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour

"Youssou N'Dour: Ministre de la Culture du Sénégal", Radio-Canada (2012. 4. 5.), https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/556497/youssou-ndour-ministre-culture-senegal

[YouTube] "Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Tracy Chapman, Peter Gabriel, Youssou N´Dour - Chimes Of Freedom" (2009. 1. 28.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbEr240Tfsk

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Now!

David Peisner, "Also a-Changin': Saving World With Songs", The New York Times (2012. 1. 13.), https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/arts/music/amnesty-internationals-4-cd-benefit-album-of-dylan-songs.html

Robert Webb, "Story of the Song: '7 Seconds' by Youssou N'Dour and Neneh Cherry", The Independent (2011. 10. 30.) https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/story-of-the-song-7-seconds-youssou-n-dour-and-neneh-cherry-1994-2376634.html

[YouTube] "7 Seconds - Youssou N'Dour and Neneh Cherry" (2019. 10. 26.), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5w4NBtjKwgQ

* 음악 Baaba Maal (바바 말), 풀라르 언어로 노래

Robin Denselow, "Baaba Maal Review: Union Chapel, London", The Guardian (2018. 12. 1.), https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/may/01/baaba-maal-review-union-chapel-london

* 문학 Mariama Bâ

편지큐레이터, "《이토록 긴 편지》를 읽을 너에게", 브런치 스토리 (2021. 8. 25.) https://brunch.co.kr/@writerda/69

* 역사학자 Cheikh Anta Diop (셰이크 안타 디옵, 1923~1986)

Bamba Siaka Doh Ouattara, "Cheikh Anta Diop: A Fireball Savant in the African Sky", Ze-Africanews (2022. 2. 28.), https://ze-africanews.com/en/senegal-cheick-anta-diop-a-fireball-savant-in-the-african-sky/

* 스포츠

4Wjames, "The Story of the First Dakar Rally, 1979", Advjoe (2015. 12. 26.), https://advjoe.ca/2015/12/the-story-of-the-first-dakar-rally-1979/

Anna Pujol-Mazzini, "Modern Juggernaut with Traditional Roots: Inside Senegal Wrestling", National Geographic (2019. 3. 27.), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/modern-juggernaut-traditional-roots-senegal-wrestling

Danny Lewis, "The Day Senegal Embarrassed France, the Defending Champions, at the World Cup", These Football Times (2019. 5. 16.) https://thesefootballtimes.co/2019/05/16/the-day-senegal-embarrassed-france-the-defending-champions-at-the-world-cup/

Stanley Kwenda, "Aliou Cissé - the rise of Senegal's World Cup coach", BBC News (2018. 6. 29.), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44642387

* 대외 관계

"Senegalese leader pays respects at Seoul Nat’l Cemetery", Korea.net (2015. 6. 4.), https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=127809

<참고문헌>

* 이재원, “제1차 세계대전과 프랑스의 식민지인 병사: ‘세네갈 보병’을 중심으로”, 프랑스사 연구 제31호 (2014) https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02485355

* 조홍식, "아프리카와 민주주의: 세네갈 사례의 역사 및 전략적 분석", 국제지역연구 제21권 제3호 (2012) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001700474

* 김현숙, "세네갈의 사회현실과 문학 - 마리아마 바’(Mariama Bâ)의 소설 ‘아주 긴 편지’를 중심으로", 한국아프리카학회지 23호 (2006) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001016400

[프.아프리카.바 6] 튀니지와 아랍의 봄

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 6]

1. 튀니지의 문화와 역사

* La Graine et le Mulet (Abdellatif Kechiche 감독의 2007년 영화, 한국어 제목은 '생선 쿠스쿠스') https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Graine_et_le_Mulet

* 튀니스(Tunis), 시디 부 사이드(Sidi Bou Said), 수쓰(Sousse), 카르타고(Carthage), 제르바(Djerba)

* 1881 바르도 조약 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_du_Bardo

* 1938년 4월 튀니지 독립운동

Chahrazed Chamsi, "Tunisie9 avril 1938, un grand tournant de l’histoire de la Tunisie", Tunisie Numérique (2021. 4. 9.) https://www.tunisienumerique.com/9-avril-1938-un-grand-tournant-de-lhistoire-de-la-tunisie

* 초대 대통령 하비브 부르기바(1957. 7. 25.~ 1987. 11. 7.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba

* 벤 알리 대통령(1987. 11. 7.~2011. 1. 14.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali

2. 튀니지 재스민 혁명의 원인과 결과

* 김토일, 박영석 기자, "<그래픽> 북아프리카.중동에 부는 민주화 바람" (2011. 2. 22.) https://www.yna.co.kr/view/GYH20110222001100044

* خالد سعيد.. صرخة غضب في وجه مبارك (칼리드 사이드: 무바라크를 향한 분노의 외침) https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/459528

* Nabila Abbas, "La Tunisie, une révolution internet?" (튀니지, 인터넷 혁명인가?), La Vie des Idées (2015. 9. 22.) https://laviedesidees.fr/La-Tunisie-une-revolution-internet.html

* Stéphane Lacroix, Alain Dieckhoff, "Le bilan des printemps arabes est clairement négatif" (아랍의 봄의 성과는 분명히 부정적이다), Sciences Po CERI (2016. 1. 25.) https://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/content/le-bilan-des-printemps-arabes-est-clairement-negatif

* Eberhard Kienle, "Les multiples trajectoires des printemps arabes" (아랍의 봄의 다양한 궤적), Sciences Po (2018. 7. 30.) https://www.sciencespo.fr/fr/actualites/les-multiples-trajectoires-des-printemps-arabes/

* Éric Chaverou, "Le bilan du printemps arabe" (아랍의 봄의 결과), Radiofrance (2011. 10. 25.) https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/le-bilan-du-printemps-arabe-9949013

* arte tv의 Printemps arabe: 10 ans après 페이지는 지워진 듯?

  이건 남아 있다. "Printemps arabe : la révolution des femmes" (아랍의 봄: 여성들의 혁명), arte (2023) https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/116341-011-A/printemps-arabe-la-revolution-des-femmes/

* [YouTube] "2011, une histoire de Printemps : les révolutions arabes vues", France 24 (2021. 2. 5.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAMfNii3By8

3. 아랍의 봄 이후의 튀니지

* Vince Chadwick, "Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet wins Nobel Peace Prize" (튀니지 국가 대화 쿼텟, 노벨 평화상 수상), Politico (2015. 10. 9.) https://www.politico.eu/article/tunisian-national-dialogue-quartet-wins-nobel-peace-prize/

* Mohamed Nafti, "Contribution de la Tunisie à la coalition contre Daech" (튀니지의 반 IS 연합에 대한 기여), Leaders (2016. 3. 18.) https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/18045-contribution-de-la-tunisie-a-la-coalition-contre-daech

* Greg Botelho, Mohammed Tawfeeq, "Tunisia parliament evacuated after terrorist attack", CNN (2015. 3. 18.) https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/18/africa/tunisia-parliament-evacuated/index.html

* "Attentat de Sousse: la majorité des victimes sont britanniques" (수스 테러: 희생자 대부분은 영국인), Le Monde (2015. 6. 27.) https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/06/27/attentat-de-sousse-la-majorite-des-victimes-sont-britanniques-pas-de-francais-a-ce-stade_4663275_3212.html

* 전정윤 기자, "‘재스민 혁명’ 7년 튀니지, 이번엔 ‘바스켓 혁명’ 꿈틀", 한겨레 (2019. 10. 19.)

http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/arabafrica/827970.html

* 장수현 기자, "'아랍의 봄' 발상지 튀니지, 민주화 혁명 성과 거덜 났다", 한국일보 (2022. 10. 16.) https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2022101616330004150

* 카이스 사이에드 대통령은 헌법학자였으나... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kais_Saied

* 이현택 기자, "독재자로 변한 튀니지의 구세주 '로보캅'", 조선일보 (2022. 8. 29.) https://www.chosun.com/international/international_general/2022/08/29/A72ZIJUM3NEKDLUMBJ34NJ2MGU/

* 박병수 기자, "‘아랍의 봄’ 튀니지에 다시 겨울이?…대통령 권한 대폭 강화", 한겨레 (2022. 7. 27.) https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/arabafrica/1052531.html

* 유현 기자, "튀니지 사이에드 대통령 두번째 임기 취임", 연합뉴스 (2024. 10. 22.) https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20241022154200099

* Lilia Blaise, Frédéric Bobin, "En Tunisie, la révolution autocratique de Kaïs Saïed" (튀니지에서 카이스 사이드의 독재적 혁명), Le Monde Afrique (2022. 7. 23.) https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/07/23/en-tunisie-la-revolution-autocratique-de-kais-saied_6135888_3212.html

<참고문헌>

* 박찬기, "튀니지와 이집트 ‘아랍의 봄’ 비교연구", 국제정치연구 제17집 제2호 (2014. 6.) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001943653

* 한새롬, "‘아랍의 봄’ 10년 후-튀니지 민주화의 재조명-", 한국중동학회논총 제42권 제1호 (2021. 6.) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002725433

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 3] 프랑스의 마그레브 식민 지배

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 3강]

* Exposition coloniale internationale (1931, Paris) https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_coloniale_internationale

* 모로코 독립운동

Abd el-Krim (리프 Rif 공화국) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_el-Krim

* 프랑스의 제국주의 낭만화

쥘 페리 1885년 의회 연설 Jules Ferry (28 juillet 1885) "Les fondements de la politique coloniale" https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/decouvrir-l-assemblee/histoire/grands-discours-parlementaires/jules-ferry-28-juillet-1885

"France remembers murdered socialist hero Jean Jaurès", France 24 (2014. 7. 31.) https://www.france24.com/en/20140731-100-years-france-remembers-murdered-socialist-hero-jean-jaures

Valérie Prétot, "La Famine en Algérie, une oeuvre du célèbre orientaliste Guillaumet, en restauration sur l'île de Ré", franceinfo (2018. 9. 3.) https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nouvelle-aquitaine/famine-algerie-oeuvre-du-celebre-orientaliste-guillaumet-restauration-ile-re-1436911.html

Par Stanislas de Livonnière, "Qui sont les 113000 personnes devenues françaises en 2019?", Le Parisien (2020. 9. 4.) https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/qui-sont-les-113000-personnes-devenues-francaises-en-2019-04-09-2020-8378427.php

전시회 Visages de l'exploration au XIXe siècle (19세기 탐험의 얼굴들), BnF (2022. 5. 10.~8. 21.)

<참고문헌>

- Nicolas Bancel, Pascal Blanchard, Françoise Vergès, La colonisation française, Editions Milan, 2007 https://www.amazon.fr/colonisation-fran%C3%A7aise-Nicolas-Bancel/dp/2745959271

- Arthur Chandler, EMPIRE OF THE REPUBLIC: THE EXPOSITION COLONIALE INTERNATIONALE DE PARIS (1931) https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/abs/10.3828/cfc.1990.14.1.009

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 2] 프랑코포니의 양면

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 2강]

* 프랑코포니의 의미

Onésime Reclus, "France, Algérie et colonies" (1886) https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=lDQ7AAAAYAAJ&hl=ko&pg=PP11#v=onepage&q&f=false

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) https://www.francophonie.org/

https://www.francophonie.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/carte_OIF_2024_800X600.pdf

Léopold Sédar Senghor (세네갈 초대 대통령), "Le français, langue de culture" (Esprit, novembre 1962)

https://www.observatoireplurilinguisme.eu/les-fondamentaux/textes-de-reference/15536-le-fran%C3%A7ais,-langue-de-culture,-l%C3%A9opold-s%C3%A9dar-senghor-revue-esprit,-novembre-1962

Habib Bourguiba (튀니지 초대 대통령) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba

https://www.facebook.com/MaisondeLaTunisie/photos/habib-bourguibala-francophonie-une-inscription-dans-luniversel-et-lhumanismesame/5267368306661958/

Hamani Diori (니제르 초대 대통령) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamani_Diori

Norodom Sihanouk (캄보디아) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk

Ahmed Sékou Touré (기니 초대 대통령) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_S%C3%A9kou_Tour%C3%A9

Rodrigue Kpogli (토고)

Abdelwahab Meddeb (튀니지 작가) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelwahab_Meddeb

Sainey Faye, "Remembering Cheikh Anta Diop, A Great African Thinker", Kairo News (2016. 2. 9.)

https://kaironews.com/2016/02/09/remembering-cheikh-anta-diop-a-great-african-thinker/

심지영, "교과서를 통해 본 세네갈의 프랑스어 교육 문제", 불어문화권연구 21 (2011) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001623443

* Françafrique contre Chinafrique

[DVD] Françafrique: 50 années sous Le Sceau du Secret (2011) https://www.amazon.fr/Fran%C3%A7afrique-ann%C3%A9es-sous-sceau-secret/dp/B004IVKF7A

영어 YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5PkUVImHao

프랑스어 YouTube https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1142439030348981

La Chinafrique: Pékin à la conquête du continent noir (2008) https://www.amazon.fr/Chinafrique-P%C3%A9kin-conqu%C3%AAte-continent-noir/dp/2246736218

Chine/Afrique: Le grand pillage-Rêve chinois, cauchemar africain? (2014) https://www.amazon.fr/Chine-Afrique-pillage-R%C3%AAve-cauchemar-africain/dp/221255981X

 

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 1] 개관

[프랑스어권 아프리카 바로보기 1강]

* 프랑스어권 아프리카는 어디인가?

"L’Afrique francophone et ses apports à la langue française" (2019. 11. 2) https://laplumewriting.com/index.php/2019/11/02/lafrique-francophone-et-ses-apports-pour-la-langue-francaise/

* https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrique_francophone (2024. 11. 24.)

* 아프리카의 6개 권역

https://www.oecd.org/en/about/directorates/sahel-and-west-africa-club.html

아래 이미지는 OECD Sahel and West Africa Club의 "Maps & Facts" No. 48, February 2017에서 따온 것인데, 페이지마다 다른 출처, 링크를 제시하고 있고, 지금은 Academia.edu 정도에서 원래의 pdf 파일을 받을 수 있는 것 같다.

* 언어

"Top 11 Most Spoken Languages in Africa", Africa Facts https://africa-facts.org/top-10-most-spoken-languages-in-africa/

<참고문헌>

Alain Dubresson, Géraud Magrin, Olivier Ninot, Atlas de l'Afrique Un continent émergent? (2022) https://www.autrement.com/atlas-de-lafrique/9782746763067